Overview赛事体系
One Trust, Fifteen Competitions
一个信托，十五项比赛
Who runs the olympiad, who sits which paper and when, and how one stage leads to the next.
谁在办这项赛事，谁在什么时候考哪一份卷子，以及上一级怎样通向下一级。
Competition facts on this page are drawn from the public pages of the British Physics Olympiad as they stood for the 2025–26 cycle. Formats, dates and rules change from year to year; for the current calendar and entry rules, go to bpho.org.uk.
本页的赛事信息均取自英国物理奥林匹克官网 2025–26 赛季的公开页面。赛制、日期与规则逐年都可能调整，当年的赛程与报名规则请以 bpho.org.uk 为准。
Who runs it主办方
The BPhO is a charitable trust overseen by a committee of trustees and run by a large team of volunteer physics teachers and academics. Its administrative office sits in the Physics Outreach Office of the Department of Physics, University of Oxford, though the trust and the university are independent of each other. It runs some fifteen competitions a year across two strands: physics (the BPhO) and astronomy (the British Astronomy and Astrophysics Olympiad, BAAO). It also runs two project competitions, the Experimental Project and the Computational Challenge.
BPhO 是一家由受托人委员会监督的慈善信托，由一大批志愿的物理教师与学者共同运作。行政办公室设在牛津大学物理系的物理外展办公室，但信托与大学彼此独立。它每年举办约十五项比赛，分两条线：物理（BPhO）与天文（英国天文与天体物理奥赛，BAAO）。另外还有两项课题类比赛：实验课题（Experimental Project）与计算挑战（Computational Challenge）。
Students do not register themselves. Every school-side paper is entered by a registered teacher through the olympiad’s competition platform, and the papers are sat in school under supervision. Schools outside the UK enter Rounds 0 and 1 through the international routes named on the official Round 1 page: ASDAN China for schools in China, and seedcomp.asia for other international schools.
学生不能自己报名：所有在校进行的考试，都由已注册的老师通过官方竞赛平台统一报名，并在学校监考下完成。英国以外的学校通过官方 Round 1 页面列出的国际渠道报名 Round 0 和 Round 1：中国境内学校经 ASDAN China，其他国际学校经 seedcomp.asia。
The ladder晋级阶梯
Physics strand物理线
- Year 1010 年级Junior Physics Challenge初级物理挑战 JPCOnline quiz, sat in school在线测验，在校完成
- Year 1111 年级Intermediate Physics Challenge中级物理挑战 IPCOnline quiz in January; one-hour paper in February1 月在线测验；2 月一小时笔试Open →进入 →
- Year 1212 年级Senior Physics Challenge高级物理挑战 SPCOnline quiz in January; one-hour paper in March1 月在线测验；3 月一小时笔试Open →进入 →
- October · Year 13 or below10 月 · 13 年级及以下Round 0Round 0One hour, 25 multiple-choice questions; the qualifier for Round 1一小时，25 道单选题；Round 1 的资格赛Open →进入 →
- January · by invitation1 月 · 受邀参加Round 2Round 2Three hours, three to five long questions; UK-eligible students only三小时，三至五道长题；仅限有英国队资格的学生Open →进入 →
- April4 月Oxford Training & Selection Camp牛津集训与选拔营About 14 students, chosen on Rounds 1 and 2根据 Round 1、2 选出约 14 人
- Summer夏季IPhOIPhO 国际物理奥赛The UK team; also EuPhO when the calendar allows英国国家队；日程允许时也参加 EuPhO
Astronomy strand · BAAO天文线 · BAAO
- Years 10–1110–11 年级Junior Astro Challenge初级天文挑战Online competition, 2 × 25 minutes在线比赛，2 × 25 分钟
- Autumn term · Year 13 or below秋季学期 · 13 年级及以下Astro ChallengeAstro ChallengeOne-hour paper, sat any time from September to December一小时笔试，9–12 月任选时间Open →进入 →
- December12 月BAAO Round 1BAAO Round 1Two hours两小时Open →进入 →
- January · by invitation1 月 · 受邀参加BAAO Round 2BAAO Round 2Three hours; top students from BPhO Round 1 or BAAO Round 1三小时；来自 BPhO Round 1 或 BAAO Round 1 的优秀学生Open →进入 →
- April4 月Oxford camp, astro stream牛津集训营（天文组）Final selection of the five-student team选出五人国家队
- Summer夏季IOAAIOAA 国际天文与天体物理奥赛The UK astronomy team英国天文国家队
Leads on by qualification or invitation凭成绩晋级或受邀Separate competition for the next school year; no qualification needed下一学年的独立比赛，无需晋级
Every competition, by school year全部比赛，按学年排列
The rungs that lead to the international team are in bold.
通往国际赛的几级以粗体标出。
| Physics物理 | Who参赛对象 | Format形式 | When (2025–26)时间（2025–26） |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 7/8 Physics ChallengeYear 7/8 物理挑战 | UK Years 7–8英国 7–8 年级 | Online quiz, 2 × 25 minutes在线测验，2 × 25 分钟 | Apr–May4–5 月 |
| Junior Physics Challenge (JPC)初级物理挑战（JPC） | Year 10 (Years 9 and 11 also allowed)10 年级（9、11 年级也可参加） | Online quiz, 2 × 25 minutes在线测验，2 × 25 分钟 | Apr–May4–5 月 |
| Intermediate Physics Challenge (IPC)中级物理挑战（IPC） | Year 11 (younger may enter, not older)11 年级（低年级可参加，高年级不可） | IPC Online: 2 × 30 minutes, 20 multiple-choice questions each. IPC paper: one hour, multiple choice and short answersIPC Online：2 × 30 分钟，每部分 20 道选择题。IPC 笔试：一小时，选择题加简答题 | Online: late Jan. Paper: late Feb在线：1 月下旬；笔试：2 月下旬 |
| Senior Physics Challenge (SPC)高级物理挑战（SPC） | Year 1212 年级 | SPC Online: 2 × 30 minutes, 20 multiple-choice questions each. SPC paper: one hour, short questions then one or two longer onesSPC Online：2 × 30 分钟，每部分 20 道选择题。SPC 笔试：一小时，若干短题加一两道长题 | Online: Jan. Paper: early Mar在线：1 月；笔试：3 月初 |
| Physics ChallengePhysics Challenge | Year 1313 年级 | One-hour paper, marked in school一小时笔试，校内批改 | Sept–Dec9–12 月 |
| Round 0Round 0 | Year 13 (Year 12 trial entries welcome)13 年级（欢迎 12 年级试考） | One hour, 25 multiple-choice questions, no calculator; the qualifier for Round 1, introduced in 2025一小时，25 道单选题，不可用计算器；2025 年起设立，作为 Round 1 的资格赛 | Oct10 月 |
| Round 1Round 1 | By invitation from Round 0凭 Round 0 成绩受邀 | Two hours: Section 1 short questions, Section 2 long questions两小时：Section 1 短题，Section 2 长题 | Nov11 月 |
| Round 2Round 2 | Invited from Round 1 (Top Gold and selected Gold); UK-eligible students only从 Round 1 邀请（Top Gold 及部分 Gold）；仅限符合英国资格的学生 | Three hours, three to five long questions三小时，三至五道长题 | Jan1 月 |
| Oxford Training & Selection Camp牛津集训与选拔营 | About 14 students, from Rounds 1 and 2根据 Round 1、2 成绩选出约 14 人 | Residential住宿式集训 | Apr (Easter)4 月（复活节） |
| IPhO / EuPhOIPhO / EuPhO | The UK team英国国家队 | The International Physics Olympiad, and the European Physics Olympiad when the calendar allows国际物理奥赛；日程允许时也参加欧洲物理奥赛 | Summer夏季 |
| Astronomy (BAAO)天文（BAAO） | Who参赛对象 | Format形式 | When (2025–26)时间（2025–26） |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junior Astro Challenge初级天文挑战 | Years 10–1110–11 年级 | Online, 2 × 25 minutes在线，2 × 25 分钟 | Oct–Nov10–11 月 |
| Astro ChallengeAstro Challenge | Year 13 or below13 年级及以下 | One-hour paper一小时笔试 | Sept–Dec9–12 月 |
| BAAO Round 1BAAO Round 1 | Year 13 or below13 年级及以下 | Two hours两小时 | Dec12 月 |
| BAAO Round 2BAAO Round 2 | Top students from BPhO Round 1 or BAAO Round 1BPhO Round 1 或 BAAO Round 1 的优秀学生 | Three hours三小时 | Jan1 月 |
| Oxford camp → IOAA牛津集训营 → IOAA | Five students for the UK team选出五人国家队 | Final selection at the Easter camp复活节集训营上最终选拔 | Apr4 月 |
How one stage leads to the next上一级怎样通向下一级
- The Challenges stand on their own. JPC, IPC and SPC are competitions for one school year each, with their own certificates. They are good preparation, but none of them is a qualifier: entry to Round 1 is only through Round 0, and the official Round 0 page says no alternative route is offered.各项 Challenge 各自独立。JPC、IPC、SPC 分别面向某一学年，各发各的证书。它们是很好的准备，但都不是资格赛：进入 Round 1 只能通过 Round 0，官方 Round 0 页面明确说不提供其他途径。
- Round 0 opens the olympiad. It was introduced for the 2025–26 cycle because Round 1 entries had grown to almost 3,800 papers in November 2024. The official aim is to bring Round 1 down to between 1,500 and 2,000 invited students.Round 0 是奥赛的入口。它从 2025–26 赛季起设立，原因是 2024 年 11 月的 Round 1 收卷已近 3,800 份。官方目标是把 Round 1 的受邀人数控制在 1,500 到 2,000 之间。
- Round 1 decides who goes further. Its results decide invitations to Round 2: the Top Gold students who meet the Round 2 eligibility rules, and some who did well on one or more questions. Round 1 also counts towards BAAO Round 2, alongside BAAO Round 1.Round 1 决定谁能继续往上走。它的成绩决定 Round 2 的邀请名单：符合 Round 2 资格要求的 Top Gold 学生，以及在一道或几道题上表现突出的学生。Round 1 与 BAAO Round 1 一样，也是进入 BAAO Round 2 的依据。
- Round 2 selects for the camp. Round 1 and Round 2 results together pick about fourteen students for the Oxford Training and Selection Camp at Easter; the IPhO team is chosen there.Round 2 选出集训营成员。综合 Round 1 与 Round 2 成绩选出约十四人参加复活节的牛津集训与选拔营，IPhO 国家队从营中选出。
- The astronomy strand runs alongside. Students take at least one of BPhO Round 1 and BAAO Round 1; the best from either are invited to BAAO Round 2, and five are chosen for the IOAA at the Easter camp. The official Round 0 page points to BAAO Round 1 as an independent route for students who miss Round 0.天文线并行。学生至少参加 BPhO Round 1 与 BAAO Round 1 之一；两者中成绩最好的学生受邀参加 BAAO Round 2，并在复活节集训营上选出五人参加 IOAA。官方 Round 0 页面也指出，错过 Round 0 的学生仍可通过 BAAO Round 1 走这条独立的路。
Awards奖项
Round 1 awards run Top Gold, Gold, Silver, Bronze I, Bronze II and Commendation. The official Round 1 page gives approximate numbers for each tier: around 150 Top Gold, 200 Gold, 400 Silver, 400 Bronze I, 400 Bronze II and 1,000 Commendations. These are target counts, not mark thresholds; the marks needed for each tier are set per cohort and released to schools, and this site does not quote them. Round 2 awards Gold, Silver and Bronze in roughly equal thirds among those invited. The Challenges award certificates; a few top IPC and SPC students are invited with their teacher to the awards event at the Royal Society in April.
Round 1 的奖项依次为 Top Gold、Gold、Silver、Bronze I、Bronze II 和 Commendation。官方 Round 1 页面给出各档的大致人数：Top Gold 约 150 人、Gold 200 人、Silver 400 人、Bronze I 400 人、Bronze II 400 人、Commendation 1,000 人。这些是目标人数，不是分数线；各档所需分数按当届考生划定并发给学校，本站不引用。Round 2 在受邀考生中按大约各三分之一颁发金、银、铜奖。各项 Challenge 颁发证书；IPC 与 SPC 成绩靠前的少数学生会与老师一起受邀参加 4 月在英国皇家学会举行的颁奖活动。
Eligibility参赛资格
Round 0 and Round 1 are open to students in Year 13 or below, in the UK and, through the international routes, abroad. From Round 2 onward, entry is limited to students eligible for the UK team: at a UK secondary school, sixth-form or further-education college, and either a UK citizen or educated in the UK since before the start of Year 9. The full wording is on the official Round 2 page.
Round 0 与 Round 1 面向 13 年级及以下的学生，英国境内外均可（境外经国际渠道）。从 Round 2 起只接受有资格入选英国队的学生：就读于英国的中学、六年级学院或继续教育学院，并且是英国公民，或自 9 年级开始之前起就在英国接受教育。完整表述见官方 Round 2 页面。
Official competition dates: bpho.org.uk/Competitions →官方赛历：bpho.org.uk/Competitions →