Round 1 · Section 1 · StrategyRound 1 · Section 1 · 高分策略
The Top Gold Plan
Top Gold 冲刺方案
A priority order for Round 1: which topics to secure first, roughly what each is worth, and where to practise it.
Round 1 的优先顺序：先拿下哪些专题、各自大约值多少分、去哪里练。
The idea is simple. Aim for about 60 of the roughly 180 marks the plan counts across the paper, leaving a margin of about ten per cent for mistakes, and get there through the topics that are tested every year. The per-topic estimates below are deliberately conservative and add up to a little over 60. In the tables, Q1 items are Section 1; Q2 and above are Section 2 questions, where the marks are approximate.
思路很简单：在方案所统计的全卷约 180 分里拿到 60 分左右，留出大约一成的容错，而这些分数都从每年必考的专题里来。下面各专题的估分刻意偏保守，加起来略高于 60 分。表中 Q1 指 Section 1 的小题，Q2 及以后是 Section 2 的大题，分值只给大概。
Treat it as an order of study, not a promise. The plan was drawn up from the 2019–2023 papers. Credited marks are capped by section, the Round 1 format has since changed (a Round 0 qualifier from 2025 and a two-hour paper), and the marks needed for each award are set every year and not published. See Round 1 for the current format as the official pages describe it.
把它当作学习的先后顺序，而不是获奖承诺。方案依据 2019–2023 年的试卷整理；实际计分按部分封顶，此后 Round 1 的赛制也有变化（2025 年起增设 Round 0 资格赛，全卷改为两小时），各奖项所需分数每年划定且不公开。现行赛制见 Round 1 页面。
The full article:完整文章： BPhO Super Gold: The Most Comprehensive Attack Guide Online →BPHO 全网最详尽的超金攻略 →
Tier 1 · Every year, fixed knowledge第一层 · 每年必考，知识点固定
Secure these first最先拿下The formulas and ideas tested are fixed and the question types change little, so the method is fixed too. Practised well, these marks are close to certain. Some items, such as vector questions, need a clear diagram, but practice covers that.
考察的公式与知识点非常固定，题型变化不大，解题思路也随之固定。练熟了，这部分分数基本可以稳拿。有些题（比如矢量题）需要画图理清关系，但多练就能弥补。
Vectors & two-dimensional motion矢量与二维运动
Plan estimate: about 4 marks方案估分：约 4 分
Two-dimensional motion solved with vectors. It appears every year, sits in Section 1, and carries good marks. The setting is often a boat or aircraft, with some trigonometry; watch the definition of a bearing.
用矢量方法解二维运动，核心是矢量本身。每年都有，集中在 Section 1，分值不低。常以船、飞机等交通工具为背景，并用到三角函数。注意 bearing（方位角）的定义。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(m) | 5 |
| 2022 | Q1(j) | 4 |
| 2021 | Q1(e) | 4 |
| 2020 | Q1(d) | 4 |
| 2019 | Q1(h) | 7 |
Practise in M1: Vectors, bearings & relative velocity →去 M1 练习：矢量、方位角与相对速度 →
Photoelectric effect & radioactive decay光电效应与放射性衰变
Plan estimate: about 8 marks方案估分：约 8 分
School-level modern physics concentrates here. Know the photoelectric equation, and the decay law and how it relates to half-life. The ideas are a little abstract, but the question types and methods are settled. Mostly Section 1.
高中阶段的近代物理题基本集中在这两块。牢记光电效应方程，以及衰变规律与半衰期的关系。概念略抽象，但题型和解法都相当固定，题目基本在 Section 1。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(i), Q1(j) | 4 + 4 |
| 2022 | Q1(p), Q1(w) | 3 + 5 |
| 2021 | Q1(p), Q1(t) | 6 + 6 |
| 2020 | Q2 (Section 2)Q2（Section 2） | ~20 |
| 2019 | Q1(p) | 4 |
Practise in M3: Photoelectric effect & photons →去 M3 练习：光电效应与光子 →Practise in M9: Radioactive decay & nuclear energy →去 M9 练习：放射性衰变与核能 →
Basic thermal physics基础热学
Plan estimate: about 8 marks方案估分：约 8 分
Probably the most approachable part of the paper: conduction, thermal expansion, specific and latent heat. Knowing the formulas is most of the work; compute carefully and check the answer is physically sensible. Know the properties of water. Black-body radiation turns up occasionally: understand what the fourth-power law means.
大概是整份试卷里最容易上手的部分：热传导、热膨胀、比热与潜热。记住公式就解决了大半，计算要准，并检查结果是否合乎实际。熟悉水的相关性质（比热）。偶尔考黑体辐射，要理解温度四次方关系的含义。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q3 (Section 2)Q3（Section 2） | ~10 |
| 2022 | Q1(i), Q1(o) | 3 + 3 |
| 2021 | Q1(f), Q1(g), Q1(h) | 3 + 4 + 3 |
| 2020 | Q1(n), Q1(o) | 3 + 4 |
| 2019 | Q1(g), Q1(r) | 5 + 5 |
Buoyancy浮力
Plan estimate: about 4 marks方案估分：约 4 分
Straight Archimedes questions have largely gone. Buoyancy now comes with a force analysis, and the work is in reconstructing the situation clearly enough to find the buoyant force. The underlying knowledge stays fixed.
直接套阿基米德原理的浮力题现在基本不出了，一般都和受力分析结合；难点在于把情境还原清楚、找出浮力大小。所需知识点仍然相当固定。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(s) | 6 |
| 2022 | Q1(g) | 4 |
| 2021 | Q1(n) | 4 |
| 2020 | Q3 (Section 2)Q3（Section 2） | ~8 |
| 2019 | Q1(f), Q1(j) | 4 + 5 |
Tier 2 · Every year, broad but basic第二层 · 每年必考，较基础但知识点多
Close to Gold with tiers 1–2前两层到手，已接近金奖Tested every year in many different ways, with no single fixed point of knowledge. The range is wide, but the individual questions are not hard.
每年一定考，但考法多样，没有固定的知识点。涉及面广，单题并不难。
Kinematics运动学
Plan estimate: about 5 marks方案估分：约 5 分
One- and two-dimensional motion beyond the vector questions above: pursuit and meeting problems, free fall, projectiles, and simple differentiation. These usually open the paper and work as warm-up items.
除上面的矢量题外，运动学还包括一维追及相遇、自由落体、平抛与斜抛，以及简单的求导题。它们多出现在试卷开头，属于热身题。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(c), Q1(e) | 3 + 3 |
| 2022 | Q1(a) | 2 |
| 2021 | Q1(c) | 5 |
| 2020 | Q1(a), Q1(b), Q1(f) | 2 + 4 + 4 |
| 2019 | Q1(a), Q1(b) | 4 + 3 |
Force & motion力与运动
Plan estimate: about 8 marks方案估分：约 8 分
F = ma in all its forms, concentrated on first applications of Newton’s laws, without momentum or energy. The question types are broad and often combine with other topics; early in Section 1 they are routine, later they get harder.
就是大家熟悉的 F = ma，集中在牛顿定律的初步应用上，不涉及动量与能量。题型很广，常和其他知识点结合；在 Section 1 前段出现时较常规，出现在后段则会难一些。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(a), (b), (f), (k), (l) | 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4 |
| 2022 | Q1(f), Q1(h) | 4 + 4 |
| 2021 | Q1(d), Q1(j) | 3 + 5 |
| 2020 | Q1(c), Q1(g) | 4 + 4 |
| 2019 | Q2, Q3 (Section 2)Q2、Q3（Section 2） | ~10 |
Practise in M7: Newton’s laws & forces →去 M7 练习：F = ma 与受力分析 →
Tier 3 · Every year, harder第三层 · 每年必考，难度较大
For Top Gold冲 Top GoldMore involved calculation and analysis, and a longer time to master. Start here once the first two tiers are secure; with all three in hand the plan expects Top Gold level even allowing for some mistakes.
计算与分析更复杂，掌握所需时间更长。前两层稳了再开始这一层；三层都拿下，方案认为即便有些失误也足以达到 Top Gold 水平。
Circuits电路
Plan estimate: about 10 marks方案估分：约 10 分
Resistance from material properties; the microscopic picture of current; equivalent resistance and capacitance; V = IR, Q = CV and power; Kirchhoff’s laws; RC circuits. Section 1 has circuit items every year, sometimes late in the section, and a whole Section 2 question is common.
电路题可归为几类：由材料性质求电阻、电流的微观定义、等效电阻、等效电容、V = IR 与 Q = CV 及电功率的计算、基尔霍夫定律分析、RC 电路的分析与计算。Section 1 每年都有固定分值，有时出现在后段；Section 2 也常有一整道电路大题。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks (Section 1 only)分值（仅 Section 1） |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q1(g), (p), (q); Q5 | 3 + 5 + 5 |
| 2022 | Q1(m), (n), (v) | 3 + 4 + 6 |
| 2021 | Q1(q), (r), (s); Q3 | 3 + 3 + 4 |
| 2020 | Q1(e), (i), (j), (p) | 3 + 4 + 4 + 5 |
| 2019 | Q1(e), Q1(o) | 5 + 5 |
Practise in M2: EMF, internal resistance & maximum power →去 M2 练习：电动势、内阻与最大功率 →
Gravitation & rotation天体与转动
Plan estimate: about 15 marks方案估分：约 15 分
Universal gravitation and gravitational potential energy, centre of mass, centripetal force and circular motion. Almost every recent Section 2 paper has had a gravitation question; a full question is 25 marks, of which gravitation is only part, yet the area is typically worth 15 or more a year. The estimate counts both sections.
涉及万有引力与引力势能、质心的计算、向心力与圆周运动。近年几乎每份 Section 2 都有天体题；一道大题 25 分，其中只有一部分涉及天体，但这一块每年的分值通常仍在 15 分以上。此处估分包含两部分。
| Year年份 | Items题号 | Marks分值 |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Q4 (Section 2)Q4（Section 2） | ~25 |
| 2022 | Q1(c), Q1(d); Q4, Q5Q1(c)、Q1(d)；Q4、Q5 | 3 + 2 + ~50 |
| 2021 | Q1(i), Q1(l) | 5 + 5 |
| 2020 | Q5 (Section 2)Q5（Section 2） | ~25 |
| 2019 | Q1(m); Q5 | 5 + ~25 |
Practise in M8: Gravitation & circular motion →去 M8 练习：万有引力与圆周运动 →
Other topics其他专题
Worth knowing, lower priority值得了解，优先级较低These either do not appear every year or take disproportionate preparation for the marks. Each links to its questions in the past-paper index.
这些专题要么不是每年都考，要么投入与分值不成比例。每一项都链接到真题题库里对应的题目。
| Topic专题 | Advice建议 | |
|---|---|---|
| Estimation & dimensional analysis估算与量纲分析 | Common, not heavily weighted and not hard. Good for building physical sense; practise the methods.常出现，分值不高也不难，是培养物理直觉的题，建议多练。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Energy & momentum能量与动量 | Either straightforward conservation and collisions, or continuous-matter problems that need calculus. Take the straightforward ones.要么是基础的能量守恒与碰撞，要么是需要微积分的连续介质问题。基础题建议去做。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Young’s modulus杨氏模量 | Roughly every other year. Clear definitions of stress and strain are enough.大约隔年出现一次，弄清应力与应变的定义就好解决。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Oscillations & mechanical waves振动与机械波 | A wide range of difficulty. Attempt them early in Section 1; later ones can be skipped.难度跨度大。出现在 Section 1 前段可以尝试，后段的可以放弃。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Optics & interference光学与干涉 | Ray optics or interference (double slit, single slit, thin film); diagram-heavy and sometimes abstract. A backup for Section 2 if circuits and gravitation feel shaky.几何光路或干涉（双缝、单缝、薄膜），要画很多图，有时较抽象。如果电路和天体没把握，可作为 Section 2 的备选。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Charge, field & potential电荷、电场与电势 | A lot of material and abstract ideas. Worth preparing if you have studied it; otherwise put the time into circuits.内容多、概念抽象。学过的同学可以补充准备，还没学到的建议集中精力拿下电路。 | Questions →题目 → |
| Ideal gas law理想气体 | Few questions, and not hard.题目不多，也不难。 | Questions →题目 → |