15–25% of the AP exam. Key topics: Coulomb's Law (scalar and vector forms, superposition of forces), Electric field from point charges and superposition principle, Electric field from continuous charge distributions (ring, disk, infinite line, infinite plane) via integration, Electric flux (Φ = ∫E·dA), Gauss's Law (∮E·dA = Q_enc/ε₀) and selection of Gaussian surfaces, Applying Gauss's Law for spherical, cylindrical, and planar symmetry, Charge distributions on conductors (surface charge, interior field = 0, induced charges), Conductors with cavities and shielding.
Study guide content for this unit is being prepared. Check back soon for complete lesson notes, formula sheets, and worked examples.
