Temperature and Heat

What temperature change on the Kelvin scale is equivalent to a 27 degree change on the Celsius scale?

(A) 300 $K$
(B) 273 $K$
(C) 246 $K$
(D) 27 $K$
(E) 9 $K$

Which terminology is best associated with the amount of energy required to change the phase of a material per unit mass?

(A) Thermal conductivity
(B) Specific heat
(C) Work
(D) Latent heat
(E) Entropy

Two spheres are heated to the same temperature and allowed to radiate energy to identical surroundings. The spheres have the same emissivity, but one sphere has twice the diameter of the other. If the smaller sphere radiates energy at a rate $P$, at what rate will the larger sphere radiate energy?

(A) $P$
(B) $2P$
(C) $4P$
(D) $8P$
(E) $16P$

Approximately how much energy is required to transform a 20.0 $g$ cube of ice at a temperature of $-10.0^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ into liquid water at a temperature $\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}10.0^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$?

(A) 840 $\mathrm{J}$
(B) 1300 $\mathrm{J}$
(C) 1700 $\mathrm{J}$
(D) 7900 $\mathrm{J}$
(E) 46000 $\mathrm{J}$

A scientist wishes to compute the amount of energy necessary to melt a known mass of a solid sample. Which quantity associated with the sample would the scientist be most interested in knowing?

(A) Latent heat of fusion

(B) Specific heat

(C) Coefficient of thermal expansion

(D) Latent heat of vaporization

(E) Thermal conductivity

At which one of the following temperatures does water undergo a phase change into a solid at a pressure of 1.0 atm?

(A) 273 $K$
(B) $0^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{F}$
(C) $32^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$
(D) $100^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{F}$
(E) $0K$

Two spheres are heated to the same temperature and allowed to radiate energy to identical surroundings. The spheres have the same emissivity, but one sphere has twice the diameter of the other. If the smaller sphere radiates energy at a rate $P$, at what rate will the larger sphere radiate energy?

(A) $P$
(B) $2P$
(C) $4P$
(D) $8P$
(E) $16P$

You measure that 4000 kcal of heat conducts through a window in your house in one hour when the house is kept at $20^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$. The window is a 4.0 $\mathrm{m}^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass $(k=2.0\times 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{kcal/(s\cdot m\cdot ^\circ C)})$ . What is the outside temperature?

(A) $4^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$
(B) $8^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$
(C) $13^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$
(D) $16^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$
(E) $18^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$

The bulb of a mercury thermometer has a volume of 0.100 $\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}^{3}$ at $10^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ and contains 0.100 $\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}^{3}$ of mercury. The capillary tube above the bulb has a cross-sectional area of $0.012~\mathrm{mm}^{2}$. The volume thermal expansion coefficient of mercury is $1.8\times 10^{-4}(\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{o}})^{-1}$. How much will the mercury rise when the temperature rises by 30 $\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{o}}$ (the expansion of the glass is negligible)?

(A) 0.045 mm
(B) 0.45 mm
(C) 4.5 mm
(D) 45 mm
(E) 45 cm

A heat engine is operating between $40^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ and $380^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C}$ and has an efficiency that is 60% of a Carnot engine that is operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

(A) 36 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$
(B) 41 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$
(C) 48 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$
(D) 57 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$
(E) 60 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}$

What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ ) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.
(A) $73^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(B) $93^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(C) $107^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(D) $131^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
(E) $154^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$

An engine absorbs heat at a temperature of $727^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and exhausts heat at a temperature of $527^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If the engine operates at maximum possible efficiency, for 2000 J of heat input, the amount of work the engine performs is most nearly
(A) 400 J
(B) 1450 J
(C) 1600 J
(D) 2000 J
(E) 2760 J

A 2-cm thick wall separates two rooms with temperatures of $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ respectively. The wall has a thermal conductivity of $0.1 \frac{\mathrm{~W}}{(\mathrm{~m})(\mathrm{K})}$ and a surface area of $10 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$. What is the rate of heat transfer through the wall?
(A) 50 W
(B) 250 W
(C) 500 W
(D) 1000 W
(E) 5000 W

The temperature of a black body is increased. The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that is emitted with the greatest intensity will...
(A) shift toward longer wavelength.
(B) shift toward short wavelength.
(C) remains the same.
(D) shift toward shorter then longer wavelength.
(E) shift toward longer then shorter wavelength.

The sun radiates approximately $4 \times 10^{26} \mathrm{~W}$ of power. It has a surface temperature of 5800 K . If the temperature were twice as high ( 11600 K ), how much power would it radiate?
(A) The same amount, $4 \times 10^{26} \mathrm{~W}$
(B) 2 X as much
(C) 4 X as much
(D) 8 X as much
(E) 16 X as much