8–10% of the AP exam. Key topics: Silk Roads: overland exchange of goods, technologies, and religions, Black Death (bubonic plague) spread via Silk Road networks, Indian Ocean Trade: dhow technology, monsoon wind patterns, Swahili coast city-states, Zheng He voyages and Ming tributary system, Trans-Saharan Trade: gold-salt exchange, Mali Empire, Islamic scholarship at Timbuktu, Mongol Empire: Pax Mongolica, trade facilitation, destruction of Baghdad (1258), Environmental and demographic effects of long-distance trade, Diffusion of crops, animals, and agricultural techniques across trade routes, Role of diasporic merchant communities (Jewish, Arab, Chinese) in sustaining networks.
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