10–17% of the AP exam. Key topics: Progressive Era reforms: muckrakers, trust-busting, regulatory legislation (Sherman, Clayton Acts; FDA; Federal Reserve), Progressive amendments (16th–19th): income tax, direct Senate election, Prohibition, women's suffrage, American imperialism: Spanish-American War (1898), Philippines, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, World War I: U.S. neutrality, entry, mobilization (Espionage/Sedition Acts, War Industries Board), Post-WWI reaction: Red Scare, Palmer Raids, immigration restriction (Emergency Quota Act 1921, National Origins Act 1924), 1920s: consumer culture, automobile, radio, rise of mass media, Harlem Renaissance: literature, music, and Black cultural assertion, Prohibition and the rise of organized crime, Nativism, KKK revival, and anti-immigrant sentiment in the 1920s, Great Depression causes (overproduction, credit collapse, banking failures, Smoot-Hawley Tariff), New Deal: First and Second New Deal programs, alphabet agencies, shift in federal role, WWII: isolationism to intervention (Lend-Lease, Pearl Harbor), home front (war production, women/minorities in workforce), Japanese American internment (Executive Order 9066).
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