Key topics: Malware taxonomy: virus (self-replicating, requires host file), worm (self-propagating, no host required), trojan, ransomware, spyware, adware, rootkit, keylogger, botnet, Authentication factors: something you know / have / are; multi-factor authentication (MFA) design and implementation, Principle of least privilege and role-based access control (RBAC), Patch management: vulnerability lifecycle, zero-day vs. known CVEs, patch prioritization, IoT vulnerabilities: default credentials, firmware update challenges, limited compute for encryption, Mobile Device Management (MDM): policies, remote wipe, containerization, Cryptographic hashing: MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256; one-way functions; salting vs. rainbow tables, Device hardening: disabling unnecessary services, secure configuration baselines, Digital forensics: evidence collection, chain of custody, log analysis.
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