21–26% of the AP exam. Key topics: Beneficial and harmful effects of computing innovations on society, Digital divide: unequal access to technology by geography, income, and age, Bias in algorithms and training data, Crowdsourcing: leveraging many contributors to solve problems or gather data, Copyright, Creative Commons licenses, and open source licensing, Intellectual property and software piracy, Privacy: data collection, data ownership, and surveillance, Computing and civil liberties: freedom of expression and censorship, Cybersecurity ethics and computing-related laws, Safety, security, and authentication methods.
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