22–33% of the AP exam. Key topics: Presidential, parliamentary, and semi-presidential executive systems, Executive structures: presidents, prime ministers, cabinets, and politburos, Legislative bodies: bicameral vs. unicameral; congressional vs. parliamentary models, Judicial independence, constitutional courts, and judicial review, Constitutional vs. non-constitutional governance, Bureaucracy and state capacity, Role of the military in politics, Country-specific institutional design: China (NPC, Politburo Standing Committee, State Council), Country-specific institutional design: Iran (Supreme Leader, President, Majlis, Guardian Council, Expediency Council), Country-specific institutional design: Mexico (President, Chamber of Deputies, Senate, Supreme Court), Country-specific institutional design: Nigeria (President, National Assembly, Supreme Court; 36-state federalism), Country-specific institutional design: Russia (President, Prime Minister, Federal Assembly, Duma, Federation Council), Country-specific institutional design: United Kingdom (Prime Minister, Cabinet, House of Commons, House of Lords, Supreme Court).
Study guide content for this unit is being prepared. Check back soon for complete lesson notes, formula sheets, and worked examples.
