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Library Catalogue AP Calculus AB/BC
⁂   Mathematics · AP Exam

Calculus AB / BC Study Library.

Expert-authored worked FRQ solutions, original practice questions, and unit study guides — built from official College Board sources and original Tian2 content.

10 units AB + BC tracks 195 minutes
Total Time 195 minutes
MCQ 45 multiple-choice questions
FRQ 6 free-response questions
Score Scale 1-5 AB: 64.2% scored 3+
1.
Limits and Continuity
Average and instantaneous rates of change · Limit evaluation: algebraic, graphical, and tabular approaches · Squeeze Theorem · Continuity at a point and on an interval · Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) · Infinite limits and vertical asymptotes · Limits at infinity and horizontal asymptotes · Removable and non-removable discontinuities
AB track
10–12% of exam
0 lessons ›
2.
Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties
Limit definition of the derivative · Differentiability and its relationship to continuity · Power rule · Sum, difference, and constant multiple rules · Derivatives of trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, cot) · Derivatives of exponential functions (e^x, a^x) · Derivatives of natural logarithm and general logarithms · Product rule · Quotient rule
AB track
10–12% of exam
0 lessons ›
3.
Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions
Chain rule for composite functions · Implicit differentiation · Derivatives of inverse functions · Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions (arcsin, arccos, arctan) · Higher-order derivatives (second, third, nth derivative)
AB track
9–13% of exam
0 lessons ›
4.
Contextual Applications of Differentiation
Interpretation of the derivative as an instantaneous rate of change · Related rates problems · Linear approximation using the tangent line (local linearization) · L'Hôpital's Rule for indeterminate forms (0/0, ∞/∞) · Motion problems: position, velocity, acceleration, and speed · Interpreting the sign of velocity and acceleration
AB track
10–15% of exam
0 lessons ›
5.
Analytical Applications of Differentiation
Mean Value Theorem (MVT) · Extreme Value Theorem (EVT) · Critical points and local extrema · First derivative test for local maxima and minima · Second derivative test for local maxima and minima · Concavity and inflection points · Global (absolute) extrema on closed intervals · Optimization problems · Curve sketching using derivatives
AB track
15–18% of exam
0 lessons ›
6.
Integration and Accumulation of Change
Riemann sums (LRAM, RRAM, Midpoint, Trapezoidal) · Definite integrals as limits of Riemann sums · Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 1 · Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 2 · u-substitution for indefinite and definite integrals · Accumulation functions and their derivatives · Properties of definite integrals
AB track
17–20% of exam
5 lessons ›
7.
Differential Equations
Slope fields: constructing and interpreting · Matching slope fields to differential equations · Separable differential equations · Solving initial value problems (IVPs) · Exponential growth and decay models · General and particular solutions
AB track
6–12% of exam
0 lessons ›
8.
Applications of Integration
Average value of a function on an interval · Area between curves · Volumes of solids with known cross-sections · Volumes of solids of revolution: disk method · Volumes of solids of revolution: washer method · Position, velocity, and displacement using integration · Total distance traveled vs. net displacement
AB track
10–15% of exam
0 lessons ›
9.
Parametric Equations, Polar Coordinates, and Vector-Valued Functions
Derivatives of parametric equations: dy/dx and d²y/dx² · Arc length of a parametric curve · Vector-valued functions: position, velocity, and acceleration vectors · Motion along a curve in the plane using vectors · Speed as the magnitude of the velocity vector · Polar coordinates and the relationship to rectangular coordinates · Area enclosed by a polar curve · Arc length of a polar curve
BC track
11–12% of exam
0 lessons ›
10.
Infinite Sequences and Series
Convergence and divergence of sequences · Geometric series: convergence condition and sum formula · p-series: convergence condition · nth-term divergence test · Integral test for convergence · Comparison test and limit comparison test · Ratio test · Alternating series test (AST) and alternating series error bound · Power series and radius/interval of convergence · Taylor series and Maclaurin series · Maclaurin series for e^x, sin x, cos x, 1/(1-x), and ln(1+x) · Lagrange error bound for Taylor polynomial approximations
BC track
17–18% of exam
0 lessons ›
Worked Solutions

FRQ solution vault.

Browse the full FRQ Vault ›

Our original, rubric-annotated worked solutions for official AP free-response questions, plus the complete searchable index of every released question. Each solution deep-links the official College Board PDF — we index and link; we never reproduce question text.

2023
AB FRQ 1
A tabular flow-rate function (gasoline being pumped into a tank) is given. Students...
table-based-rate · right-riemann-sum · definite-integral-interpretation-with-units · mean-value-theorem · average-value · derivative-of-a-model
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
AB FRQ 2
A swimmer's velocity along a straight path is given by a closed-form function....
particle-motion · direction-of-motion · acceleration · speeding-up-slowing-down · displacement · total-distance-traveled
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
AB FRQ 3
A separable differential-equation problem set in a Newton-style warming context: a...
differential-equations · separation-of-variables · slope-fields · tangent-line-approximation · concavity-and-second-derivative · newtons-law-of-heating
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
AB FRQ 4
The graph of f' (built from line segments and a semicircle) is given for a function f...
graph-of-derivative · relative-extrema-from-derivative · concavity-from-derivative · indeterminate-form-limit · lhopital-rule · absolute-extrema-on-closed-interval
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
AB FRQ 5
A table gives values of two twice-differentiable functions and their first derivatives...
table-based · chain-rule · product-rule · concavity-and-second-derivative · accumulation-function · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · increasing-decreasing-test
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
AB FRQ 6
For a curve defined implicitly by an equation, students derive an expression for...
implicit-differentiation · derive-dydx · horizontal-tangent · vertical-tangent · related-rates
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 1
A calculator-active tabular-rate and accumulation problem in a cooling-beverage...
average-rate-of-change · difference-quotient-from-table · riemann-sums · average-value-of-a-function · ftc-accumulation · second-derivative-interpretation
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 2
A particle's velocity along the x-axis is given by a closed-form function. Students...
particle-motion · rest-time · direction-of-motion · acceleration · speeding-up-slowing-down · position-from-velocity · total-distance-traveled
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 3
A depth-of-seawater quantity satisfies a given separable first-order differential...
differential-equations · slope-fields · critical-point-classification · first-derivative-test · separation-of-variables · particular-solution
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 4
Given the graph of a differentiable function f (with a horizontal tangent and a linear...
accumulation-function · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · signed-area-from-graph · critical-points · derivatives-of-integral-defined-function
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 5
For a curve defined implicitly (with dy/dx supplied), students use the tangent line to...
implicit-differentiation · tangent-line-approximation · horizontal-tangent · vertical-tangent · related-rates
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
AB FRQ 6
Given two polynomial functions and their graph, students set up the integral for the...
area-between-curves · volume-by-known-cross-sections · rectangular-cross-sections · volume-of-revolution · integral-expression-setup
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 1
An invasive-species area is modeled by an arctangent function (with its derivative...
average-value · mean-value-theorem · limit-at-infinity · end-behavior · optimization · accumulation-function · arctangent-model
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 2
A region is bounded by a quadratic and a sine-plus-line curve. Students find the area...
area-between-curves · volume-by-known-cross-sections · rectangular-cross-sections · volume-of-revolution · parallel-tangent-lines
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 3
A tabular reading-rate function is given. Students estimate a derivative using an...
table-based-rate · average-rate-of-change · intermediate-value-theorem · trapezoidal-sum · definite-integral-of-model · units-of-measure
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 4
A no-calculator graph-based accumulation-function problem. A continuous function f is...
ftc-part1 · accumulation-functions · area-decomposition · points-of-inflection · candidates-test · graph-analysis
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 5
Two particles move along the x-axis, one given by a position function and one by a...
particle-motion · velocity-from-position · opposite-directions-of-motion · speeding-up-slowing-down · position-from-velocity · comparing-two-particles
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
AB FRQ 6
For a curve defined implicitly by a cubic equation, students derive dy/dx, use the...
implicit-differentiation · derive-dydx · tangent-line-approximation · vertical-tangent · related-rates
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 1
A tabular flow-rate function (gasoline being pumped into a tank) is given. Students...
table-based-rate · right-riemann-sum · definite-integral-interpretation-with-units · mean-value-theorem · average-value · derivative-of-a-model
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 2
A particle moves on a parametric path with a given dx/dt and an explicit y(t),...
parametric-motion · vector-valued-function · acceleration-vector · speed · tangent-slope-to-path · total-distance-arc-length
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 3
A warming-liquid temperature follows a given separable first-order differential...
differential-equations · separation-of-variables · slope-fields · tangent-line-approximation · concavity-and-second-derivative · newtons-law-of-heating
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 4
The graph of f' (built from line segments and a semicircle) is given for a function f...
graph-of-derivative · relative-extrema-from-derivative · concavity-from-derivative · indeterminate-form-limit · lhopital-rule · absolute-extrema-on-closed-interval
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 5
Given the graphs of two functions (one explicit, one only constrained by supplied...
area-between-curves · improper-integral · convergence-divergence · integration-by-parts · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2023
BC FRQ 6
A function has derivatives of all orders with supplied derivative relationships....
taylor-polynomial · maclaurin-polynomial · higher-order-derivatives · lagrange-error-bound · series-defined-function
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 1
A tabular cooling-coffee temperature function is given. Students estimate a derivative...
table-based-rate · average-rate-of-change · left-riemann-sum · average-value · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · concavity-and-second-derivative
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 2
A particle moves in the plane with given x'(t) and y'(t), at a known position at a...
parametric-motion · vector-valued-function · speed · total-distance-arc-length · position-from-velocity · direction-toward-axis
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 3
A depth-of-seawater quantity satisfies a given separable first-order differential...
differential-equations · slope-fields · critical-point-classification · first-derivative-test · separation-of-variables · particular-solution
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 4
Given the graph of a differentiable function f (with a horizontal tangent and a linear...
accumulation-function · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · signed-area-from-graph · critical-points · derivatives-of-integral-defined-function
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 5
Given tabular values of f', students work with a function defined by an arc-length...
arc-length · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · eulers-method · integration-by-parts · table-based
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2024
BC FRQ 6
A Maclaurin series with a known radius of convergence is given. Students determine...
maclaurin-series · convergence-at-endpoint · alternating-series-error-bound · term-by-term-differentiation · radius-of-convergence · ratio-test
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 1
An invasive-species area is modeled by an arctangent function (with its derivative...
average-value · mean-value-theorem · limit-at-infinity · end-behavior · optimization · accumulation-function · arctangent-model
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 2
A polar curve and a circle are given. Students find dr/dtheta at a point, the area of...
polar-curve · dr-dtheta · area-between-polar-curves · maximize-distance-from-axis · related-rates-polar · distance-from-origin
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 3
A tabular reading-rate function is given. Students estimate a derivative using an...
table-based-rate · average-rate-of-change · intermediate-value-theorem · trapezoidal-sum · definite-integral-of-model · units-of-measure
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 4
Given the graph of a continuous function f (two semicircles and a line segment),...
accumulation-function · fundamental-theorem-of-calculus · points-of-inflection · signed-area-from-graph · absolute-extrema-on-closed-interval
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 5
Given a differential equation with an initial condition, students compute a second...
differential-equations · second-derivative-from-de · taylor-polynomial · lagrange-error-bound · eulers-method · particular-solution
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
2025
BC FRQ 6
A Taylor series about a center is given. Students find the interval of convergence...
taylor-series · ratio-test · interval-of-convergence · term-by-term-differentiation · geometric-series · endpoint-convergence
9 rubric pts
Worked solution ›
Our worked solutions and practice questions are original instructional content created by Tian2 AP. They are aligned to the concepts and skills described in College Board’s Course and Exam Description and are not reproductions of, or affiliated with, College Board’s official materials.